ANALYSIS CLASS CONFLICT ON MOTHER BY MAXIM GORKY: A MARXISM APPROACH

ANALYSIS CLASS CONFLICT ON MOTHER BY MAXIM GORKY: A MARXISM APPROACH


CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.BACKGROUND STUDY

Mother was written at the end of 1906 and the beginning of 1907 when Gorky living in abroad. Part one was written in the United States, and part two in Italy. Mother give a broad and generalize of picture live in Russia and the event of Revolution of 1905. The narrative is based on event which took place in the town of Sormovo. It is one of Maxim Gorky’s best love novels. A story working class hero about a mother who secretly distributes forbidden literature, showing, truth and hope among the people of Russia
Gorky wrote in the Adirondack Mountains greater part of his classic novel, mother which appeared in 1906 – 1907. Its heroine pelagia Nilovna, adopt of the socialism in a religious spirit after her son’s arrest as a political activist. Pelageia’s husband is drunkard and her only consolation is her religious faith. Pelageia’s husband dies and her son’s Pavel change from a thug to socialist role model and start to bring his revolutionary friend to the house. Pavel is arrested on may day for carrying a forbidden banner. While continuing to believe in Christ’s Words, She join revolutionaries, and is betrayed by a police spy. Gorky based her character on real person, Anna Zolamova who had traveled the country distributing revolutionary pamphlet after her son had been arrested during a demonstration. The novel considered the pioneer socialist realism was letter dramatized by Berthold Brecht. The other literary works of Maxim Gorky are Creature that once were man, Mother, the man who was afraid, Twenty six and one and other stories.
Maxim Gorky’s the popular and influential Russian author, a founder a socialist realism. The greatest literary of the 20th century. He wrote stories, plays, memoirs and novels which touched the imagination of the Russian people, and was the first Russian author to write sympathetically of such characters as tramps, thieves, emphasizing their daily struggle against overwhelming odds.
Maxim Gorky was born with the name Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov on March 28th 1866 in Nizniy Novgorod. His parent died when he was child and than he was taken care by his Grandmother who like reading literature and pay attention to the poor much. Gorky died suddenly pneumonia in his country home, dacha near Moscow on June, 18 1936. In some sources the cause of death was said to be heart disease. Maxim Gorky’s Russian short story writer, novelist, autobiographer, and essayist, whose live deeply interwoven with the tumultuous revolutionary period of his country. Gorky ended his long career as the preeminent spokesman for culture under the Soviet Regime of Joseph Stalin. Gorky’s formulated the central principles of Socialist Realism which became doctrine in Soviet literature. One of literary work of Maxim Gorky’s is Mother. The novel was first published in English translation in “ Appleton Magazine” (New York) in 1906 – 1907, and in April 1907 which 307 pages. Its consist two parts. Each part consists of 29 chapters.
Already in 1907- 1908 the novel appeared in the United States, England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Sweden, Albania, Denmark, Czechoslovakia and many other countries.
In Russia, the publication Mother coincide with the beginning of the Stolylipin reaction, a reign of terror that lasted for many years. Actually, Mother was forbidden book. The revolutionary readers could not express their opinion of it publicly. The reactionary critics attacked the book for its alleged lack of artistic merits. Bourgeois critic declared that “Gorky was finished” after reading only half of the first part the novel which appeared in two issues of “ Znanie” what had caused his “fall”, and his “crime” in their opinion was that he had begun to disseminate Marxism in artistic images and to speak out about revolutionary proletariat and the awakening peasantry as forces that promised to achieved a complete of liberation of Russia. Mother has been translated into every language and being continually re-printed everywhere. As soon as the great October Socialist Revolution lifted the censorship ban from Mother. The interesting side about this novel is this novel discusses the revolution whose main character is old woman, and her name is Pelagia Nilovna
Pelagia Nilovna old mother who most of her life only knows the pain, insults, and beatings from her husband. Energy has been sucked out by the factory every morning and evening live sound bitter howls from the chimney, a large chimney and black.
When the movement of the workers began to touch town "Mother". Pelagia so called "there was a change in him which was pioneered by her own son is Vaslov Pavel. Fear, which first appeared when the mother began to meet with the underground organization. His views are conservative, and his very devotional the church made of anxiety of what is happening inside Pavel.
Because the house used as a base camp's mother would not even want to touch any time with the underground movement.
That awareness of the truth of the doctrine that she often heard growing up was not because the mother to understand the teachings of the socialist who spread by Pavel. Nor was it because the mother hated the entrepreneurs who have sucked all the energy of life, but rather for love of a mother to a child who led her into the new world. Mother wants to always accompany Pavel gestures though he himself felt so strange. And, for love is therefore causing mother dared to take part by distributing the newspapers and books banned for Pavel enter jailed after labor demonstrations on 1 May .
“Starting from love and grow into the consciousness" of the sentence may be appropriate to describe the changes in continuous self-Mother. Mother further understand the teachings of the socialist, and began releasing his views are conservative. But there is one dimension that is never lost in the mother, trust in Christ who so idealize love.
For the Mother of Christ as if he realized that without love · love that it's hard to be described, summarizing the love of fear and hope, sadness and grief "has become closer to him and feels he is different from the first"
Her love as a mother not only given to Pavel, but to all people. Even in people who have been to suppress it. Mother is no longer limited to viewers in the struggle. He engaged seriously his role as flyers and newspaper delivery socialists. Not only carry its superiority, but the simplicity of the way he thought had made the "Muzjick" in the hamlet Nikolskoje becoming interested in the teachings of socialism. There, the mother of discussions about social class, debate the social function of property rights, the role of families in the struggle.
Her love of Pavel and she belief in the socialist doctrine tested when the mother who was carrying a large bag containing leaflets meet with a spy. Mother in doubt: whether she should leave the bag and ran away or was determined to maintain the bag is very important for the movement. Mother was terrified. However, every time he wants to run, the shadows Pavel came before her. She does not want to betray the child and struggles. And, very brave decision that must pay dearly in her own life. Considering all about the explanation above, the writer interested analyzing the conflict on Maxim Gorky’s Mother with entitled: “ANALYSIS CLASS CONFLICT ON MOTHER BY MAXIM GORKY: A MARXISM APPROACH “.


2.Literature Review.

As long as the writer knows, there is no review research that conduct to study Maxim Gorky’s Mother. At least 17 Augustus 1945 University of Surabaya. So this study is the first study. Further in this study, the writer studies Maxim Gorky’s Mother based on the Marxist approach.

3.Problem Statement.

Based on the research background above, the problem of this study is how the struggle against the State’s oppression is reflected in Maxim Gorky’s Mother.

4.Limitation of the Study.

To make it easy to the writer to conduct study, she give limitation of the problem on the major character on Pelagia Nilovna Vlasov (Mother) attempt in the struggle for freedom viewed from the Marxist approach.


5.Objective of the Study.

The objective of the study are as follows:
1.How to structure, theme, setting, plot, and point of view the novel's mother?
2.How social background in Russia?
3.How views of class conflict on the theory of Marxism?

5.Benefit of the Study.

By presenting this research, the writer hope that there will be some benefits as follows:
1.Theoretical benefits
This study is purposed to give additional information literature research especially those dealing with Maxim Gorky’s Mother
2.Practical Benefits.
This study can develop the writer’s skill and ability in applying the Marxist approach in Maxim Gorky’s Mother.


6.Research Method.

Dealing with the research method, there will be at least four points that need to be involved in this research.
1.Object of the study.
The object of the study is the novel Maxim Gorky’s Mother in 1907, analyzed using structural analysis and Marxist approach.
2.Data Sources.
The study will be use library research whose data are taken from:
a.Primary Data Sources.
Primary data sources are the main data consisting dialogue action description above the character about of the novel.
b. Secondary Data Sources.
Secondary data sources are some material related to the data requires, such as writer biography, the data taken from official website and other related sources.
7.Technique Of Data Analysis.
The technique of data analysis in this study is descriptive.


8.Organization Of The Study

In order to make the research easier to follow this research paper is organized into six chapters. Chapter I is introduction which explain background of the study, literature review, problem statement, objective oh the study, benefit of the study, research method and research paper organization. Chapter II is underlying theory that consists of nation of Marxism, the principles of Marxism, structural element, and theoretical application. Chapter III includes the social background of the Russia. Chapter IV will cover the structural analysis of the novel by describing character and characterization, setting, plot, point of view, and theme and brief discussion. Chapter V is Marxist analysis dealing with the problem in the novel. Chapter VI contains conclusion and suggestion.